.research-hero {
  padding-top: 4.8rem;
}

.research-hero-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.85fr) minmax(360px, 1.15fr);
  gap: 1.5rem;
  align-items: start;
}

.research-upload-card {
  background: var(--surface);
}

.section-header.compact {
  margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
}

.section-header.compact h2 {
  font-size: 1.8rem;
}

.form-grid {
  gap: 1rem;
}

.research-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(280px, 0.75fr) minmax(0, 1.25fr);
  gap: 1.5rem;
  align-items: start;
}

.paper-list-shell,
.paper-reader {
  min-width: 0;
}

.paper-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.9rem;
}

.paper-list-item {
  width: 100%;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  background: var(--surface);
  color: var(--ink);
  padding: 1rem;
  text-align: left;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.paper-list-item.is-active,
.paper-list-item:hover {
  border-color: var(--accent);
}

.paper-list-item h3 {
  margin: 0 0 0.55rem;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.paper-list-meta,
.paper-byline,
.comment-meta {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.paper-reader {
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  background: var(--surface);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  padding: clamp(1.2rem, 3vw, 2.2rem);
}

.paper-reader h2 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 3.5vw, 3.2rem);
  line-height: 1.05;
  letter-spacing: -0.04em;
}

.paper-reader .paper-abstract {
  margin: 1.2rem 0 0;
  color: var(--muted-strong);
  line-height: 1.75;
}

.paper-reader-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  margin: 1rem 0 1.4rem;
}

.metadata-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0.7rem;
  margin: 1.2rem 0 1rem;
}

.metadata-grid div {
  min-width: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  background: var(--surface-soft);
  padding: 0.75rem;
}

.metadata-grid dt {
  margin: 0 0 0.3rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.metadata-grid dd {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.35;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.pdf-reader {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  padding: 1rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  background: #d8d3ca;
}

.pdf-page {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  margin: 0 auto;
  border: 1px solid rgba(22, 20, 18, 0.18);
  background: #ffffff;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.article-text-details {
  margin-top: 1.2rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  background: var(--surface-soft);
  padding: 1rem;
}

.article-text-details summary {
  cursor: pointer;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 800;
}

.article-text {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  padding-top: 1.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  font-size: 1.08rem;
  line-height: 1.85;
}

.article-text p {
  margin: 0;
}

.comments-shell {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
  padding-top: 1.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.comments-shell h3 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
}

.comment-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.8rem;
}

.comment {
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  background: var(--surface-soft);
  padding: 0.9rem;
}

.comment p {
  margin: 0.45rem 0 0;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.empty-reader {
  min-height: 24rem;
  display: grid;
  align-content: center;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.empty-reader h2 {
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3.2rem);
}

@media (max-width: 1040px) {
  .research-hero-grid,
  .research-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .metadata-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .research-hero {
    padding-top: 3.2rem;
  }

  .metadata-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}